How Large Language Models Work
A primer on LLMs: from tokens, embeddings, and Transformers to training, RAG, tool calling, multimodality, and end-to-end product flows. 20 chapters with five interactive demos.

In-depth notes, data visualisations and working models I build in my spare time
A primer on LLMs: from tokens, embeddings, and Transformers to training, RAG, tool calling, multimodality, and end-to-end product flows. 20 chapters with five interactive demos.
A primer on LLMs: from tokens, embeddings, and Transformers to training, RAG, tool calling, multimodality, and end-to-end product flows. 20 chapters with five interactive demos.
A 2026 opportunity map built from 16+ platforms, 600+ user pain points, 30 vetted AI business opportunities, and 50 primary research files.
A scrollytelling landscape of global AI venture capital from 2024-10 to 2026-04: 666 deals across 403 companies and 759 founders, mapped across concentration, geography, capital structure, and founder pedigree.
A comprehensive exploration of gold's monetary history, from the origins of precious-metal coinage to the collapse of the Bretton Woods system.
An in-depth analysis of Alibaba Group, examining financial performance, business segments, competitive position, and valuation.